Code of Honor in the Epic of Beowulf :: Epic Beowulf essays

Beowulf  Code of Honor       After fighting and winning many battles, Beowulfs heart enters a new stage when he lastly becomes king of his homeland, Geatland. Even in his old age, his code of honor still obligates him to fight against an evil, untrained genus Draco. For cardinal years he has governed his kingdom well. While Beowulf is governing, the potassium hydrogen tartrate ...kept watch over a hoard, a steep stone-barrow (Norton 55). Under it lays a path concealed from the spile of men. Over centuries no one had disturbed the dragons kingdom until one day when a thief broke into the treasure, laid hand on a cup fretted with gold, which infuriated the dragon. The fiery dragon had destroyed the peoples stronghold, the land along the sea, the heart of the country (Norton 57).            Beowulf is an epic poem that was written in the late tenth-century, at the kingdom of the West Saxons. The two main cha racters are Beowulf, a young man and Grendel, a furious dragon. Beowulfs world is a actually violent society with wars as a dominant part of daily life. Dragons and monsters are a constant threat to the Danes and the Geats. Warriors are a necessity to this war-like society. Beowulf is a hero as well as a great, and honorable, warrior.            After fighting and winning many battles, Beowulfs life enters a new stage when he finally becomes king of his homeland, Geatland. Even in his old age, his code of honor still obligates him to fight against an evil, fiery dragon. For fifty years he has governed his kingdom well. While Beowulf is governing, the dragon ...kept watch over a hoard, a steep stone-barrow (Norton 55). Under it lays a path concealed from the sight of men. Over centuries no one had disturbed the dragons kingdom until one day when a thief broke into the treasure, laid hand on a cup fretted with gold, which infuriated the dragon . The fiery dragon had destroyed the peoples stronghold, the land along the sea, the heart of the country (Norton 57). Beowulf prepares to fight a dragon with his thane, Wiglaf.  Beowulf has no fear of the dragon, because he has fought many enemies that were much more ferocious. One example of Beowulfs great battles is the fight with Grendel. No one other than Beowulf is brave enough or strong enough to volunteer to fight Grendel.

Hamlets Childish Behaviour and Contempt of Others :: essays research papers

critical point identifies with an adolescent of the 1990s more than he does with the youth of his have while. critical point is im get along with, sarcastic, depressed and takes action during the heat of passion which is very much like the behavior of the youth in the 1990s. Love, control over action, and the ability to overcome depression are well(p) a few ways to prove maturity. It is obvious Hamlet loves Ophelia in his own way . . . the celestial and my souls idol, the to the highest degree beautified Ophelia . . . (Hamlet. II, ii, 109- 110), but his way is not mature enough to include send toward his lover. The trust that Hamlet should have given her was the key of his madness. This madness that Hamlet cannot trust his love with is the same madness that he loses total control over because of his immaturity, it then causes him to do things, such as kill Polonius, that a person that was mature could stop. The madness that Hamlet assumes is understandable but he can never ge t over the actual death of his father by still have on black a year later, and the hasty marriage of his mother to Claudius. Compared to Horatio who is calm and cool throughout the play, and Fortinbras who collected an army to fight for his uncles land and honor, Hamlets maturity level for his time is low, especially for being a prince. Today Hamlets age group is more immature than during his own time so he relates to the youth of the 1990s better than he does with the adolescents of his own time. Sarcasm, and blunt rudeness is often used by Hamlet in order to offend commonwealth that, during his time, he should not have offended. Hamlet often used the hasty marriage of his mother to offend Claudius. The first time that Hamlet offends Claudius in the company of another person is when Claudius is supposed to be helping cheer Hamlet up. A little more than kin, and less than kind. (Hamlet. I, ii, 65) is just as rude during Hamlets time as almost anything that a person could say today , it just takes a little thinking for the people of today to get what Hamlet means. The second person that Hamlet is openly rude to is Polonius. Hamlet, in front of Claudius and Gertrude, insults Polonius by calling him . . . a fishmonger. (Hamlet.

charles Kuralt :: essays research papers

10- cardinal Degrees North-In this Chapter Kuralt is asked by star of his bosses to follow along with a human being by the name of Ralph Plaisted and many of his friends. Kuralt was asked to make a documentary on the polar expedition that these men were taking part in. Kuralts job as the reported was to stay in a little weather shack and take a plane back forth between the shack and the explorers.As they closer and closer to the North Pole the men we getting tired but something in Plaisted made every man want to keep going. On there trip the men had to overcome wind speeds up to 60 mph and cracks in the ice up to 4 ft wide. Then one day in may of 1967 the wind and cracked ice was just to much to overcome and the men had to turn back, Although the next year with careful planning and no fear Plaisted took off on this expedition again. As Kuralt stayed back in Cedar Rapids, IA over the radio to Plaisted he asked. Where is you location? and Plaisted reported back, Ninety degrees no rthI believe that that the moral of the story is that nothing in this world is impossible anything can happen at any given time. wish well he said in this chapter how could people be starving in the richest nation in the world. And every one doubted Plaisted but look what happen he proved every body wrong. When you put you mind to it anything is possible. 11- Boxes on WheelsThis chapter began with Kuralt asking for a vacation and ended in him getting what he would be doing for the rest period of his career. A box on wheels is what they call a mobile fellowship. Kuralt and 3 other employees would travel around the nation in a mobile sept searching for interesting stories to tell, but what might have been the most interesting was the mobile home.The mobile home was always breaking down they couldnt go a week with out something on the Cortez breaking down. Whether it was the carburetor, engine or the tires it broke atleast once. The crew went threw about 5 different mobile homes, n one of which did the job. The whisk of the worst was one day in the winter while driving through Utah in the middle of a blizzard the mobile home broke down.

John Miltons Paradise Lost as Christian Epic Essay example -- Milton

Paradise Lost as Christian Epic John Miltons great epic numbers, Paradise Lost, was written in the midst of the 1640s and 1665 in England, at a time of rapid change in the western world. Milton, a Puritan, clung to traditional Christian beliefs throughout his epic, but he also unite signs of the changing modern era with ancient epic style to craft a masterpiece. He chose as the subject of his great work the f each of man, from Genesis, which was a very popular story to discuss and retell at the time. His whole life had led up to the completion of this greatest work he flummox over twenty years of time and almost as many years of study and travel to build a timeless determinate. The success of his poem lies in the fact that he skillfully combined classic epic tradition with strongly held Puritan Christian beliefs. In Paradise Lost, Milton uses many conventions of the classic epic, including an invocation of the Muse, love, wa, a solitary voyage, heroism, the supernatural and myth ical allusion. Milton writes, Sing, Heavenly Muse, that on the secret top of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire that shepard who first taught the chosen seed in the beginning how the heavens and earth rose out of Chaos. Here he invokes the traditional shine of the epic, yet in the same sentence he identifies the muse as a Christian being and asks him to sing of Christian tales. A central theme of Paradise Lost is that of the deep and true love between Adam and Eve. This follows both traditonal Christianity and conventional epic style. Adam and Eve are created and placed on earth as our first two parents, yet the provided two of mankind, in the happy garden placed, reaping immortal fruits of joy and love, uninterrupted joy, unrivaled love, in blissful solitude.(... ...le in one sentence. Thus, he successfully completes the tapis which he has created, weaving the Bible and the genre of the epic closely together to create a work of art. Throughout Paradise Lost, Milton uses various tools of the epic to stockpile a traditional and very popular Biblical story. He adds his own touches to make it more of an epic and to set forth new insights into Gods ways and the temptations we all face. Through his uses of love, war, heroism, and allusion, Milton crafted an epic through his references to the Bible and his selection of Christ as the hero, he set forth a beautifully religious Renaissance work. He masterfully combined these two techniques to create a beautiful story capable of withstanding the test of time and touching its readers for centuries. Works CitedScott Elledge, ed., Paradise Lost, second edn. (NY Norton, 1993).

Analysis of Massachusetts’ Health Care System :: essays research papers

Analysis of mom Health deal constitutionMerna ChungMassachusetts is located in the northeastern division of the United States with a land area of 7 ,838 sq. miles. It is nicknamed the Bay State. The total population of Massachusetts is 6,016,425. Massachusetts has a white majority with the protection of the rights of minorities. at that place is no single body responsible for making and enforcing health upkeep policy. The majority of the population is White 5,405,374 ( 89.8 % ) Blacks 300,130 ( 5.0 % ) Hispanic 287,549 ( 4.8 % ) Asian 143,392 ( 2.4 % ) and the American Indian 12,241 ( 0.2 % ). The average age is 33.4 years. 22.5 % is under 18 and 13.6 % is over 65 years.The major industries are Health Care , tourism, education , farming , and fishing making this state more rural than urban. It is not economically depressed because tourism has become an important factor in the economy. Health care is a major industry in Massachusetts. It has seen a rapid growth in managed care organizations in recent years. These organizations strive to deliver high quality health care in a cost effective manner by using our health care premiums to contract with doctors and hospitals. Two thirds to three quarters of Massachusetts residents receive their health care through managed care organizations.There are many health care systems and managed care organizations in Massachusetts. To name a few - Caregroup Health Care System Northeast Health Systems Partners Health Care Systems , Inc. Aetna Health Care Cigna Health Care of Massachusetts ConnectiCare of Massachusetts Fallon Community Health Plan Harvard Pilgrim Health Care , Inc. Health New England , Inc.In general the population of Massachusetts is very healthy considering that there are so many health care organizations. Massachusetts General Hospital was founded in 1811 and is the third oldest general hospital in the United States and the oldest and largest in New England. This medical center has 820 bed s and offers highly sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic care in every specialty and subspecialty of medicine and surgery. Massachusetts General Hospital Admits approximately 35,000 in patients each year and handles more than 1 million visits in its outpatient programs at the main campus and at its four health centers. Annually the emergency department at the main campus handle about 80,000 visits.

Analysis of Massachusetts’ Health Care System :: essays research papers

Analysis of mum Health billing governanceMerna ChungMassachusetts is located in the northeastern function of the United States with a land area of 7 ,838 sq. miles. It is nicknamed the Bay State. The total population of Massachusetts is 6,016,425. Massachusetts has a white majority with the protection of the rights of minorities. on that point is no single body responsible for making and enforcing health conduct policy. The majority of the population is White 5,405,374 ( 89.8 % ) Blacks 300,130 ( 5.0 % ) Hispanic 287,549 ( 4.8 % ) Asian 143,392 ( 2.4 % ) and the American Indian 12,241 ( 0.2 % ). The median value age is 33.4 years. 22.5 % is under 18 and 13.6 % is over 65 years.The major industries are Health Care , tourism, education , farming , and fishing making this state to a greater extent rural than urban. It is not economically depressed because tourism has become an important factor in the economy. Health care is a major industry in Massachusetts. It has seen a ra pid growth in managed care organizations in recent years. These organizations strive to deliver high quality health care in a cost effective manner by using our health care premiums to contract with doctors and hospitals. Two thirds to three quarters of Massachusetts residents receive their health care through managed care organizations.There are many health care systems and managed care organizations in Massachusetts. To name a few - Caregroup Health Care System Northeast Health Systems Partners Health Care Systems , Inc. Aetna Health Care Cigna Health Care of Massachusetts ConnectiCare of Massachusetts Fallon Community Health Plan Harvard Pilgrim Health Care , Inc. Health New England , Inc.In general the population of Massachusetts is very healthy considering that there are so many health care organizations. Massachusetts General Hospital was founded in 1811 and is the third oldest general hospital in the United States and the oldest and largest in New England. This medic al center has 820 beds and offers highly sophisticated symptomatic and therapeutic care in every specialty and subspecialty of medicine and surgery. Massachusetts General Hospital Admits approximately 35,000 in patients each year and handles more than 1 million visits in its outpatient programs at the main campus and at its four health centers. Annually the emergency department at the main campus handle about 80,000 visits.

Marketing †Luxury Watch Marketing Plan Essay

1. Executive Summary This distinguish contains a foodstuffing plan strategy for a new opulence specify entering the prodigality remarkes market. The new product that ordain be launched on this market is a exclusive highlife regulate. dismission luxury findes argon defined as the anes sold above $9999. The watch for which we atomic number 18 drawing the marketing plan is a gold and platinum watch with white diamonds. The use of innovative and unusual styling is constrain an increasingly important feature of the luxury watch market. The unique feature of the watch is the possibility of customization and hence personalization of this watch.The report is composed of four parts. To begin with, we have done a stage setting analytic thinking to discussion the various macro and micro surroundal factors that wallop the relevant market dynamics much(prenominal) as market size and growth, positioning of existing brands etc. Then we have come up with the demographic and ps ychographics description of the can market. Pocket watches offer a diametric kind of experience for consumers. Some use it for its novelty and style whereas early(a)s find it to a greater extent functional than wristwatches. A lot of people too use wristwatches and pocket watches alternately.Regardless of ones preference, using a pocket watch at this mean solar day and age is still a really welcome sight. 2. Main Report 3. 1. Context Analysis The marketing environ custodyt for Perkupoldies exclusive watch market represents sweep over opportunities. It also contains some challenges that the firm believes it burn down meet successfully. The macro environmental factors atomic number 18 extremely encouraging. a) Economic environment The number of people in the Forbess billionaire convocation and Merrill Lynch/Capgemini millionaire group are steadily increasing over the past decade.The number of billionaires has increased by more than 250 percentages. According to Merrill Lynch/Capgemini report the Worlds High Net worth Individuals (HNWI) population has also grown to 9. 5 million with their assets rising to $37. 2 trillion. Number of Billionaires % Increase in number of billionaires Billionaires combined dough worth (in trillion dollars) % increase in Billionaires group 2012 1226 257. 56 4. 6 328. 57 2003 476 1. 4 b) Social Cultural environment Wealthy people are driven by views of oneself.They spend money for acquiring of luxury goods and services to publicly display economic power. Sociologically, to the conspicuous consumer, such a public display of discretionary economic power is a means either of attaining or of championing a given social status. i. Developed Economies ii. emerge Economies c) Technological environment Product innovations, groundbreaking developments in mechanical and atomic watches enable extreme engineering and personalization of watches possible. Additionally, the below situation analysis details the context for Perkup oldies marketing efforts.Here we take a closer realise at the internal and external factors that influence our marketing strategy using attire analysis. SWOT analysis The above SWOT analysis combines the external (opportunities and threat) and internal (strength and weakness) analysis. 3. 2. Market Analysis with Porters Five Forces a) Threats for New Entrants The presence of profits in an industry will attract new firms willing to take advantage of these profits. Over clock time, too many new entrants will drive down these profits, change magnitude at the same time the attractiveness of the industry. The presence of various barriers to entry fuel minimize this threat.b) Bargaining power of buyers If the brand is really famous, successful and challenge to customers, there is no obvious difficulty for distri exclusivelyors to sell the products the marketing and communication efforts done by the brand will drive customers easily into the jewelers shops. Jewelers are usually non especially risk takers and if they have no guarantee that the brand is a hit and will be easily sold, because one might have a hard time trying to convince them to buy ones products. All the power is in the hands of the distributors with no distributors, the counsel to the customers is locked.What is more, distributors might be pressured by actual players to refuse to distribute new brands. at that placefore, as we mentioned earlier, dispersal is an important barrier to entry. c) Bargaining power of Suppliers The luxury watch industry is dominated by mechanical technology as a result, the procurement of mechanical movements is the in mellowed spirits end brands main concern. Qualified manpower can also be an issue that should not be neglected the number of watch correctrs able to produce some of the most intricate complications is very microscopic.d) Threat of substitute(a) products Counterfeit is a phenomenon that needs to be mentioned because it represents a non-negligibl e threat for the luxury watch industry. Secondly, in a larger sense, other luxury products can also be considered as a substitute. Now if we think ab egress a legal substitute, which could be fought with conventional marketing weapons, the issue is more complicated. While in a narrower sense substitute could be confined to jeweler, in a broader sense we have to include all the luxury goods available on the market. a) jewellery b) High end Pens (e. g.- Mont Blanc) c).Cars Some customers could buy a watch while others would rather travel to tropical and exotic countries, or buy luxury cars or furniture. Therefore, because the range of substitute products we can include is so broad and difficult to define clearly, it is rather difficult to assess accurately how serious the threat is. e) rivalry among Competition Concerning the large trends, the past years, big groups were fighting over brands each group wanted to increase its brand portfolio by taking over autarkical brands. 3. 3. Po cket watch Industry Background.There was a time that no human felt well-dressed with come to the fore his pocket watch. Pocket watches, which originated in the fifteenth century among the hurrying class nobility, reached their heyday in the mid-17th to early 20th century. At one point in time, no middle or upper class gentleman would dream of leaving home without his pocket watch. Among the working class, pocket watches were more than a sign of status. They were, for many workers, an important work tool. Railroad workers, in particular, relied upon their pocket watches to time their duties.By the middle of the 20th century, with the advent of inexpensive wristwatches, the popularity of pocket watches began to wane. From full hunters case watches to ladies pendant watches, pocket watches are making their way sustain into the popular fashion scene. Their renewed popularity may have begun within the youthful goth culture, especially the Steampunk segment of Goth culture which esteem ed all things blue(a) and mechanical clockwork objects and items. If theres any modern day item that embodies the spirit of Victorian Steampunk culture, its the pocket watch.While the popular comeback of pocket watches may have begun with the underground steampunk movement, it has quickly become a new fashion status symbolism, popular with youth from the club scene to the stock market floor. Today, advances in glass mechanics and structure have created a new style of pocket watches transparent, scratch-resistant cover so owners can see the time without fount the case. Popular styles of pocket watches today include replicas of antique pocket watches as well as more contemporary styles that fit with todays mens and womens fashions. 3. 4. Description of Product.The watch has several state of the art features which are meant to satisfy the below mentioned needs of the customers. a) Stated needs To purchase a luxury product b) Real needs A jewelry and accessory c) Unstated needs An ever appreciating value d) Delight needs Personalized e) privy needs An expression of status and exclusivity The features of the watch are as mentioned below 3. 5. 1. Body Construction The timepiece will be a beautiful handwoven timepiece bearing the owners name. The watch may be made out of White gold, yellow gold or titanium depending on the specifications provided by the customer.3. 5. 2. 1. Crystal Swiss 3. 5. 2. 2. Glass Sapphire glass with non-reflective coating 3. 5. 2. 3. Chain Titanium/Yellow Gold/White Gold 3. 5. 2. Nature and fiber of jewels The watch will have at least 100 brilliantly cut diamonds on the dial case. The chain will be made out of pure 22k gold with have around 200 cut diamonds. Though these specifications are given for the standard watch provided by our company. We will provide custom designed watches for customers that may have more diamonds. Proof of authenticity will be provided for all the diamonds on the watch. 3. 5. 3.Hand Crafted Usually custom watches would require 4- 6months of manufacturing time depending on the availability of material. All watches will be hand crafted by super skilled jewelry craftsmen. As each part needs to be fabricated, decorated, assembled, and tested, you can image that the process takes a long time. 3. 5. 4. Features a) 26 cities world time (including Adelaide) b) Perpetual Calendar c) Radio controlled Receives standard time radio waves crosswise the world d) Daylight saving function (automatic in radio wave receivable zones, manual in other zones) e)Alarm, 12/24 hr.time f) Magnetic underground g) 2000m Water Resistant 3. 5. 5. Limited Edition The watch will be one of its kinds since the design will be custom made by our designers specifically for our customers. The design will be classic and superior that reflects the unique personality of our client and create everlasting value. 3. 5. 6. warrantee type spiritednesstime International Warranty 3. 5. Factors Considered while purchasi ng luxury watches a) Precious Metal Construction It should go without construction that a high end expensive watch should be constructed from prime(prenominal) materials.This means the best possible metals and so forth, but it is also a good cerebration to ensure that the metals winding are inwroughtly valuable. It also goes without saying that precious stones also are a desirable component given the style and variety of the watch. b) Nature and Quality of Jewels The first thing to look at is the origin of the stones. The two major options are instinctive or manufactured. Natural stones are obtained the traditional manner via often controversial mining methods. There is an inherent romance to the concept that a stone was derived from the earth, discovered, cut and polished, and then used on your luxury item.Aside from recycled stones (taken from older or unsold items), the alternative to natural stones are manufactured stones. c) Hand Construction High-end watches are hand -made and assembled by master watch makers. Sometimes a team of people will be involved in making the watch, other times a superstar watch maker toils for as long as a year or more on a single watch. As each part needs to be fabricated, decorated, assembled, and tested, you can image that the process takes a long time. The longer it takes to make a watch, the more refinement and decoration will be found in an on it.There is no specific amount of time that you should look for as it depends on the company. d) Complications High-end watches dont just have beautiful mechanical movements, they have complex movements. Other complications effect how accurate a watch is or how interesting the movement is to look at while in operation (i. e. various types of tourbillon escapements). Other common complications in high end watches are perpetual calendars, rattrapante chronographs, sonneries, fusee and chains, moon phases, and multiple time zones along with world timers.e) Style- The best wat ch makers are skilled in making unique designs, but ones that are instant classics. The best designs will look good on anyone. Lastly, when looking at a designer look, you want to make sure it has decorous unique qualities to justify the exclusive item you are thinking almost buying. f) Limited Edition The best luxury things in life comes in small quantities and are made in hold in productions by dedicated people. Besides, having too much of anything cuts the value and the intrigue. So look for limited edition or passing limited production watches.Ask how many of a particular model has been made and whether or not there are 1000 or 100,000 of them out there. The more limited a watch is the more exclusive it is, which is a major component of true luxury goods. g) Appreciation of value The lucky high-end luxury watch buyer will be able to afford a timepiece that has the potential to increase in value. 3. 6. Segmenting Targeting and positioning 3. 7. 7. Segmenting Market segment ation is vital for a companys success. Without a clear idea of the nature of the set segments, the firm is forced to use a scatter?shot burn up to marketing strategic decision making with little chance for success. It is necessary to identify target segments of consumers and tailor offerings to best meet the wants and needs of that particular group of consumers. 3. 7. 8. 4. Demographic criteria a) Sex The luxury market could also be segmented according to the sex criteria. Indeed mens watches are quite variant from womens. There are differences on the precious metals used for the fabrication, on the size of the strap and of the dial. b) Income levelNaturally the income is a very important factor of the luxury market, because it determines the purchasing power of consumers which has to be very high. c) Geographic criterion The luxury watches market could also be segmented according to geographic regions. People from different regions do not share the same culture of the purchasin g power. 3. 7. 8. 5. Psychographic criterion Psychographic bass for segmentation center on perceptual issues. These segments are determined by combining individuals who are psychologically similar in their orientations.These distinctions are made based upon similarity of lifestyles, personalities and values. a) Lifestyle it reflects the ways in which the individual chooses to live their lives. What types of activities they enjoy, what life settings they desire, and who they surround themselves with are all components of lifestyle. b) Personality here the idea is to group people into roughly similar personality types with the underlying assumption that people will be more favorably disposed toward those of a similar personality profile.c) Core values to try to match its core values with those of its customer segments build positive associations. The company stresses values in its products/services as well as in its corporate environment and culture, and the hope is that the segme nt will become loyal to the company because it embodies the core values of importance to the consumer. People have different reasons to buy luxury watches. Five motivations can be listed * To be quaint * To have a customized and unique product * To have an excellent and reliable product.* To have a product with the latest technology * To have a high standard of living 3. 7. 8. 6. Segmenting on the basis of Demography a) Income group HNWI, UHNWI, Billionaires b) Sex Male, female 3. 7. 8. Targeting Targeting requires the firm not only to aim at but hopefully to hit its target segments. The final important aspect involves the establishment of an important perceptual position in the mind of the consumer. It involves the decision of the number of different segments to shoot and serve and the best action plans to reach the identified segments.Measuring Effectiveness of Target Segments a) Measurable size of segment, income and purchasing power, and characteristics of the segment b) Ac cessible reachable by the firm and able to effectively serve the segment c) Substantial large enough and capable of generating sufficient profits d) Differentiable truly distinct from other segments in terms of composition and response to marketing stimuli e) Actionable marketing programs can be developed to effectively identify, attract and serve the segment purchasing behavior of Customers.a) Kind of purchase Most of the luxury watches are bought either by a person for themselves or for another person (as gift). The unit outlay of a luxury watch would deter much of the gift buying behavior except by the seriously wealthy or on a very special occasion. One typical example is birthday or wedding anniversaries that, in the latter case, help to promote gross sales from the late leap onwards. b) Decision Making In this market, the Influencer is the person who hopes to receive a watch as a gift. For example, it could be a woman who incites her husband to buy one for a special ev ent.The consumer is the one who uses the product. In our example, it would be the woman who asks her husband to buy one for her (the consumer is often the influencer). c) Duration of decisionmaking process We can distinguish people who do not consider high price to be a deterrent and who make an impulsive purchase and others who think about spending such money in a luxury watch for a long time. d) Length of buying process There is a nonage of people who are interested in such product. But those who are really interested have already taken the price into consideration and and so would buy our product relatively easily.e) Consumption process Due to their high prices, luxury watches are an investment for a lot of people and that is why it is in average bought once in ones life. Analysis of Demand a) Potential market millionaires and billionaires b) Available market HNWI (High net worth individuals) UHNWI (ultra High net worth individuals) and billionaires. c) Target market UHNWI (u ltra High net worth individuals) and billionaires Based on the above mentioned Segmentation, purchasing behavior and analysis of demand the firm Perkupoldies would be targeting UHNWI and Billionaires.3. 7. 9. Positioning The last crucial step is placing of the product or service in a particular perceptual position within the mind of the consumer. The idea here is that there is a specific consumer segment in mind and a specific plan to reach it, and now the idea is to ensure that the target consumer has a clear and distinctive image in mind regarding the product offerings being aimed at them that is consistent and positive. a) Customer knowledge b) Ultimate social symbol c) Brand logo crown d) Innovations in product line.e) Powerful brand ambassadors f) Sport and cultural events g) Philanthropic programs 3. 7. Distribution Distribution channel is key to the sales of Luxury products like Perkupoldies luxury watch. The central dilemma while choosing the distribution channel is generat ing sales in a dynamic market while maintain brand image and price. The stairs to be followed while choosing a distribution channel are as follows Step (a) Analyzing customers desired service output levels For agreement consumer needs the following 5 service outputs need to be viewed.(a) Lot size usually one to two watch depending on whether its a single watch order or a couple watch order. (b) Waiting and delivery time The basic product must have a very waiting and delivery time of less than 15 days for global delivery. The personalized versions will have a waiting and delivery time reserve of less than 45 days. (c) Spatial convenience As a high end luxury product, it will be required to be available at key luxury outlets. (d) Product Variety the assortment breadth of the marketing channel is very large as the product is highly customized.(e) Service stand-in add-on services like credit, delivery, repairs and a high quality of service will be required by the distribution c hannel. Step (b) Establishing intents and constraints The primary objective of the distribution channel is to provide easy availability at specific high end luxury retail outlets combined with the online purchase options for a highly customized product. Step (c) Identifying and evaluating major channel alternatives There are 3 major channel alternatives namely wholesale, luxury retail and online.There are three distribution channels options available for Perkupoldies luxury watch as mentioned below a) Wholesale These are sales through third parties. They may include various stores, boutiques etc. While this option offers growth for the product market there are several challenges associated with this distribution channel. b) Retail These distribution channels are managed in-house. The sales are usually done through company owned or franchised branded stores. Company owned or franchised stores allow will allow Perkupoldies to have a better control over the pricing.For luxury prod ucts Luxury Retail presents tremendous opportunities. Luxury Retail includes distribution channels like travel location and High-end hotels. c) Online gross revenue and transactions are completed online. This distribution channel can operate as both retail and wholesale. Traditionally websites are operated by established retailers such as department stores and e-boutiques. There is an increasing trend towards luxury outlet e-stores, m-commerce, iPad applications, Social networking etc.Step (d) Evaluating major alternatives Based on the above analysis of distribution channel options and weighing their pros and cons it can be seen that the best option of distribution channel for perkupoldies is as mentioned below (a) Luxury Retail outlets in high end hotels and travel location (b) An online channel for customizing the product and ordering it. (1) Customize the Hands of the watch (2) Customize the Body of the watch (3) Customize the Body of the watch (4) Personalize the watch e. g. e ngravings and pictures on the watch Shown above online screens to enable customization of the Perkupoldies pocket watch.3. 8. Brand What Rolls-Royce is to car, Perkupoldies is to pocket watch Here are five steps to build a luxury brand (a) Identifying a niche segment One of the fundamental principles of effective branding is for brands to diligently select a stipendiary segment that they can then target through an enticing positioning. Given the focus on highlighting symbolical value either through an boilers suit brand experience or via exclusivity in offerings, price points or availability, luxury brands have a heightened need to identify the niche segment for which they have designed their offering.(b) Positioning based on high levels of differentiation Since all luxury brands follow a differentiation strategy, the main focus should be to aggressively check off the brand experience. Successful product differentiation creates a competitive advantage for the seller, as custome rs view these products as unique or superior. (c) Emphasizing symbolic value Symbolic value emanates from the social standing of the brand, that is, the extent to which the brand is perceived as being an elite offering aspired to by customers.As such, symbolic value reflects the extent to which the brand is endorsed and validated by the cream of the customers. (d) Creating perceptions of exclusivity Perceptions of exclusivity can be created by unattainable price, limited geographic availability, barriers to possession, or even limited supply. Clearly, it is the identity, which the brand confers upon the owner. (e) Uncompromising delivery on superior brand promise Not only do luxury brands need to consistently deliver on the promise of symbolic value, but they also will need to project consistency and continuity at every possible touch point.Maintaining focus on superior value and unique brand experience across time and space is an important part of uncompromising delivery of brand p romise. 3. 9. Advertising target advertising appeals to luxury target groups Luxury brands have to cultivate their image continuously and an important aspect of this is the choice of appropriate advertising media. Although, the two luxury-oriented target groups see advertising as being more credible than the population as a whole, there are significant differences between the individual media, match to the degree of receptiveness.For both luxury and for premium-watch buyers, magazine advertisements are the most persuasive with 40 percent of this target group according advertisements the highest level of credibility. Poster campaigns are also rated positively. Less well received is advertising in the electronic media, on television and, above all, in e-mails and on the internet. Premium-watch buyers are also characterized bya very great affinity to luxury. However, they are significantly less interested in fashion than luxurybuyers precision timepieces are their passion.Premium-wa tch buyers are interested in watches for watches sake and not as part of their outfit. 3. Conclusion This marketing plan explains how an attractive combination of 4Ps can be offered by Perkupoldies to promote and sell the pocket watch. There is an existent market for this product. The ease of entry is very low as its primarily an online business with a few high end luxury retail outlets. The company is offering a value proposition by offering a high value item which has an everlasting value. 4. References.

African americans and Native americans Essay

African Americans and American Indians or Native Americans are dickens of the major(ip) subordinate groups in America today. They face many forms of oppression from the dominant group and have many things in common when it comes to this oppression.I would like to steering on five specific types of oppression they face stigmatization, segregation, ethnocentrism, prejudice, and discrimination.African Americans are facing stigmatization far less these days, but if one looks back a half-century, they will find unnumberable examples. Stigmatization can include the de-humanization, labeling, characterizing, and degrading of a group. During break ones backry, blacks were stigmatized into the happy and carefree characters mama and Sambo. This was done to show that slavery was computable and blacks probably wouldnt be able to function in free society. When slaves were freed, blacks were painted as savages that could not be trusted to live normally. Caricatures of blacks with exaggerated features and portraits of the characters Sambo and Mammy stock-still exist today.For Native Americans, stigmatization is far worse. Countless sports teams have a Native American as their mascot, some having very derogatory name calling such as the Washington Redskins. Indians were also portrayed as evil in countless western movies and as ruthless savages in others. These stigmatizations make Indians expect more like fantasy characters than real people. many a(prenominal) people do not realize that these stigmatizations are very hurtful and detrimental to society.Segregation, the separation of two or more groups based on physical characteristics, is another issue that still plagues African Americans and Native Americans. From the moment Europeans set foot on what is presently America, they have been forcing Indians farther and farther west. The American government created reservations for the Indians so that they could have the valuable resources that they needed. Treaties were signed and broken, and the Indians moved farther along the Trail of Tears. Reservations still exist today and for the most part Native Americans have are not integrated into American society.Most would like to think that after the exacting Court case Brown vs. Board of Education, segregation no longer exists for African Americans. Sure its not like we still have pick out drinking fountains, but by and large blacks and whites are separate. In all major cities large housing projects have been created for low-income persons. The vast majority of the people life there are black. Most inner city schools are almost entirely made up of minorities. Legal segregation is no longer a problem anymore, but social segregation is still a major problem in society today and something needs to be done.Ethnocentrism is the feeling by one group that they are superior to another based on ethnic background. Native Americans have always been the victims of this. They were forced to leave their homeland by the superior Europeans and thought not good enough to live among them. Native Americans still live mostly separate and many people still rase them and think of them as inferior both mentally and physically. Most people have not been exposed to them yet judge them anyways. This is very sad and disturbing.African Americans were thought of as the lowest, stupidest, least civilized people on earth. The whites thought they were far superior and showed this by literally stealing African Americans from their homeland of Africa and forcing to into slave labor. Even after slavery, white supremacy groups such as the KKK still exist and continue to be a proponent for the inferiority of African Americans. Many think of blacks as being less far less intelligent and civilized even today.Prejudice and discrimination are two of the biggest problems facing African and Native Americans today, and the two go hand in hand. Prejudice involves negative attitudes towards ethnic groups, which can incl ude beliefs, thoughts, and stereotypes. Discrimination is taking action on these prejudices by denying certain rights and opportunities to these groups. Prejudice leads to discrimination of these groups. African Americans as well as Native Americans are single outd against in employment opportunities, housing options, public school resources, and countless other ways.They arediscriminated against because of these prejudices and stereotypes.For example, say a black man walks into a store with his white friend. The employees of the store are more likely to offer profit to the white man and will probably follow the black man to make sure he is not shoplifting. The prejudice views they hold cause them to discriminate against the black man. These problems are very real even today and unless society as a whole addresses them and ways to stop them, they will continue to extirpate the fabric of our country.

Poetry is a vast genre of literature that is used to express emotions, feelings and ideas

With reference to the poesys of Antonio Machado, Juan Ramin Jiminez, and Federico Garcia Lorca studied in the course, discuss the economic consumptions of poetry and the demeanors in which the three writers exploit this medium Poetry is a Brobdingnagian genre of literature that is utilize to express emotions, feelings and ideas. E precise writer has different reasons for expressing their ideas through this medium. Antonio Machado, Juan Ramin Jiminez and Federico Garcia Lorca were each(prenominal) Spanish poets who lived around the homogeneous era. Does this mean their uses of poetry were the same?Did they write poems for the same reasons? In order to discuss how they have used poetry it is necessary to understand their poems in more detail. At first glint it seems that Antonio Machado explores nature and the beauty of it in his poetry. In his poem Crepisculo Machado happen upons a nature scene. Although he doesnt use the first person, it is clear from the content that the po em is implicitly fewwhat him. He has therefore, used nature to mirror himself. The cold images of stone and marble in the poem, like the statue of Cupid, communicate a neediness of expression on the poets part.With Cupid having connotations of hit the hay and with the statue being constructed from stone it is possible to say that Machado finds it difficult to express love. Antonio Machado, in this respect, has exploited the medium, with nature as a main theme, to reflect himself to the commentator. In displaying his lack of love through poetry, he is able to get across exactly what he wants to say by emphasising aspects with repetition, rhyme and other stylistic features. Writing his feelings in prose, for Machado, would not have had the same effect. Another voice of Machado using nature to describe himself is in his poem A Un Olmo Seco.He fears that his life is near to its closed avow like that of the shoetree and he only has hope left. Here, Machado is using poetry to expr ess anxiety and concern almost the ending of his life. The descriptions which he writes about the tree are descriptions of how he sees himself in relation to life in general. In this way, he is using poetry to put across his worries and to tell people about how he sees himself in comparison to nature. Machados poem El Limonero, however, is not, on the surface, a description about nature moreover a search for something.The poet tries to recall an free childhood illusion in which he attempted to pick up some fruit out of some water and then discovered that it was yet a reflection. Machado communicates the difficulty in finding the illusion he remembers from childhood, with a contrast between heart and mind -he knows he wont find it again but he still has hopes. This drive out be related to A Un Olmo Seco when he hopes for another milagro de primavera1 (miracle of spring). Poetry has been employed by Antonio Machado to illustrate his despondency on ripening and on realising that things arent what they used to be.El Limonero describes how the happiness and simplicity of being a child lot never be regained. Poetry is a good way of expressing deep feelings and emotions because it can be adapted in ways that prose cannot. The letter form and use of the informal second person of the poem A Josi Mario Palacio tells the reader that this is a poem written to a friend. Machado is asking his friend whether spring has arrived and mentions typical spring-time occurrences. He introduces a third party with the use of su and it is later revealed that the poet is talk of the town about the death of his wife.After reading A Josi Mario Palacio it could be verbalize that the hopelessness he feels in A Un Olmo Seco is because of the death of his wife and the anxieties about his own life. Machado has used poetry to project grief out of himself onto nature without showing self pity. In writing this, he whitethorn have been able to pose to terms with his emotions. For Machado , poetry is used to say things that he feels cannot be expressed in another way. Poetry and can be used when prose and normal enunciate patterns are unable to put across the idea or feeling in the desired way.Unlike Machado, however, Jiminez uses poetry to illustrate his outlook on the mysteries of life. His poem El Nombre is directed to the intelligence and the brain. Jiminez feels the necessity to write something and asks his intelligence for the name of things. Poetry is being used by Jiminez to communicate the difficulties in language and expression. He describes the complexity in communicating a feeling to a reader. Like the poems of Machado, Jiminez has used poetry to overcome the difficulties of conveying an idea. irboles Hombres, nevertheless, is written in the form of a traditional ballad.The subject of this poem is the impermanence of human life. It is a paper about a man who goes into a wood and hears the trees talking. They talk about him and call hes a tree too. Jim inez is describing the brevity of human life in comparison to the seemed permanence of nature he is saying how human life is temporary. The trees lasted before, and will exist after his life. Jiminez has, in this sense, used poetry to communicate his views about human existence in comparison to nature, which has existed since the beginning of time. Jiminez can be described as a mystic poet despite him being agnostic.In some ways he uses language poetically to develop the idea of a mystic God. This can be seen in the poem Soy Animal de Fondo. Jiminez explores the connection between genuine and immaterial. For example, feelings of warmth from the sun are not material even though the sun itself is. The poem, like El Nombre, recalls a search but this time it is for God. There is a progression throughout the poem to the realisation that God was there all along. Poetry, here, is used to explain that life is beyond material even though people only realise it when they are taken away from the material world.Jiminez has made use of poetry to recall the search about the unknown consciousness that the material world hides. The poetry of Jiminez is about subjects related to his life and it has been said that vida y poesia son una y la misma cosa2 (life and poetry are one and the same thing) for Jiminez. This indicates that he uses poetry, like Machado, to reflect himself and his personality. In the reason of Federico Garcia Lorca, poetry is ofttimes applied to express feelings of marginalisation within society. Being homosexual Lorca was subject to persecution for not conforming to the expectations of the society in which he lived.In his ballads Lorca uses gypsies to express the excommunication he felt during his life. Gypsies were, like Lorca, considered to be outsiders and they too were not respected. In his ballad Romance de la Luna, Luna Lorca explores a scene about a gipsy boy who is ill and feels persecuted by the moon. He explains the interpretation of the deat h of a child from an uncivilised and unscientific mind. The gypsies can accept that the moon was the cause of death, because to their minds it is plausible. civil society cannot accept this idea and so gypsies, like Lorca were labelled as outsiders.With poetry Lorca can express the ostracism he felt without making a direct statement. Poetry works better than prose in this respect because Lorca can make use of imagery and symbolism to convey his idea. Another gypsy ballad written by Lorca is Preciosa y el Aire. The wind tries to abduct a gypsy girlfriend, who is playing a tambourine. The wind represents the sexual impulse of nature and Preciosa sees it as a threat. Her primitive impulse tells her she is in danger but when she goes into the civilised world, i. e. the English consuls house, her experience is oppressed.Poetry has been used here to show the sense of ejection that Lorca feels exists in society for those who step out of the norm. He is telling his readers about the feel ings of persecution that existed in his life through the form of another equally mistreated learn in society. Romance Sonimbulo is again from Lorcas book Romancero Gitano (Gypsy Ballads) and is about an injured man seeking refuge at a gypsy dwelling. A gypsy girl has been waiting for him for so long that shes given up and killed herself. Lorca has used surrealism within his poetry by placing words in a non realist order.This form is used to describe the difference between the civilised, realist life and the somewhat surreal, gypsy life. There is overly a reoccurrence of the colour green. Green has positive and, especially in Spain, negative connotations. For example green can signify nature and life but also rotten fruit. In Spain it can also indicate sexual perversion, in the case of un hombre verde meaning a dirty old man. The repetition of green could be said to be telling the reader about Lorcas own libidinal tendency towards the forbidden fruit3 this meaning his homosexuality .From all 3 poems it can be said that Sexuality ( is the subjective nub ( ) where the violent context of ostracism and persecution ( ) may be seen as a projection of the poets inner anxiety. 4 Lorca has used language and poetry in his work, not only to express marginalisation, but also to show how his sexuality is perceived by society. From his judgment homosexuality is perceived as verde. All three poets and their work can be related and cogitate to each other. They all use poetry for personal reasons and convey their individual ideas through it. They use many devices within their poems to help oneself put across meaning, for example, with the use of nature and gypsies.For writers, poetry is a tool to be exploited because there are no rules. Poets can make up the rules of what they write and in this can add to the affect that the poems have on a reader. Machado, Jiminez and Lorca have exploited poetry to their own means and used it for individual reasons. They have all used natur e, in some way, to help their poetry have the desired effect or meaning. Lorca uses a more traditional form of poetry, the ballad, as it would have been very familiar to readers and so would be able to convey the exact idea that he wanted.The main and most common use of poetry between all three poets is the need to express a feeling, whether it is anxiety, absence or an opinion. In writing their poems, the poets have reflected themselves and revealed their outlooks on life. They have used this medium as a language tool to convey exactly their feelings, opinions and beliefs the sort of ideas where prose will not suffice. Poetry is used by writers like Machado, Jiminez and Lorca because it can get across a meaning and can appeal to emotions in ways that other literature forms cannot.Imagery and symbolism are a big part of poetry and help writers put across detailed ideas. It is difficult to get across a subtle and implicit meaning with the use of prose and this is a reason why some of the poets have used this medium. Furthermore, poetry is an art that can communicate the beauty of ideas, scenes and thoughts and it has the power to describe a subject or tell a story effectively. For Machado, Jiminez and Lorca poetry is simply a way of escaping the normality and mundane routine of everyday life as they express their ideas through this medium.

City Demographics and Crime Profile Essay

Houston is the largest city in Texas and the fourth largest city in the United States. According to 2009 census, the city had a population of approximately 2. 2 million people and the city occupies a space of 600 squ atomic number 18 miles. Houston is a multi-cultural subject due to the fact that the city is a host to many academic institutions and many industries. Houston city has large number of young population and this has been contri scarcelyed to by an influx of immigrants in the state. More than 90 languages are spoken in Houston (Miller, and Larry, 2008)The city is ranked third among the cities with large number of Hispanics and Mexican-American in the United States. The city scores high number of Hispanics in the state of Texas. The city also has high numbers of illegal emigrants who mostly reside in the Greater Houston area. Houston has the largest number of Nigerian-American population in United States and they constitute much than than than 2% of the population. The c ity a median(prenominal) household income of $36,616 where as the median income for a family is 40,443. emales have a median income of $27,371 while men has a median of $32,084. 16 percent of families and 19 percent of the population live below the poverty line. The city is home to many emigrants from Asia with more than 30,000 emigrants in 2007. Crime in Houston increases as one goes to the outer highways. It is therefore advised that people walk with care when taking highways in the outskirts of the city since harassment tend to be more common in areas that are outlining Interstate Highway 45from southeastern Beltway to the northern belt.Crimes in these areas include shootings, muggings, and robberies. Many people in Houston tend to ignore threats but people are mostly advised that some to accomplish their threats. The most notorious district that people are advised to avoid is the Westchase which consist of Hillcroft yesteryear Westheimer and Daury Ashford. Mission Bend is ba se hit and all is required is caution. Richmond and the West Oaks area hwy 6 all the way to 1 Stebner Airline is generally safe (Miller, and Larry, 2008).Staying in Hotels near Williowbrook, Tombal, Cy-Fair, Spring and the surrounding area is relatively safer since there are fewer panhandlers as compared to areas around Galleria. Bellaire and West University are also favourable areas but people are advised to avoid Beechnut, Chimney Rock and 610. The more one moves from town, the it becomes risky to walk at night. Areas such as Wards, Gulfton, Fondren South West and Sharptown are risky at night and it even advised to walk with caution during the day.Houston was ranked 46th city in United States in murder cases as per 2005 and the rate of murder per capita rate is 16. 3. The murder rate for the city is ranked third among cities in the United States with a population of more than 1,000,000. Even though cases of murder have been on the increase, non-violent disgusts have significantl y reduced by 2% in 2005. Some media sources have attributed the increasing crime rate on the aftermaths of Katrina.Houston is also one of the major drug hubs in the United States traffickers use the city to supply marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and MDMA to distributors in other cities in the United States. Houston is in top position in state of Texas in auto-theft. In 2007 alone, 31,000 motor vehicles were stolen in the metropolitan area of Houston (Wallman, 2006) Due to the mix in population in the city, there is high rate of crimes and this has given the police department to control crime. Illegal emigrants in Houston makes crime rates hard to control.

Cemex

Read the management Focus on Cemex and then answer the following challenge a. Which theoretical explanation, or explanations, of FDI best explains Cemexs FDI? b. What value does Cemex bring to a host economy? Can you see any potential drawbacks of Cemexs inmost investment in an economy? c. Cemex has a strong preference for acquisition over greenfield ventures as an entry mode. Why? d. Why do you think Cemex headstrong to exit Indonesia after failing to gain majority control of Semen Gresik? Why is majority control so important to Cemex? e.Why do you think politicians in Indonesia tried to block Cemexs attempt to gain majority control over Semen Gresik? Do you think Indonesias best interests were served by constricting Cemexs FDI in the country? Answer a. The theory that best explains Cemexs foreign direct investment (FDI) activity is that of internalization due to limitations of licensing or in addition known as the market imperfection approach. Cemex wanted to expand horizontal ly because it wanted to reduce its reliance on its home market and provide nigh stability in the demand for their product.Also, they saw opportunities abroad and it could provide their service, which required building very personal relationships with the distributors and the builders themselves. Lastly they had spent a lot of judgment of conviction working on their information technology system that allowed them to control their supply and it was part of their competitive advantage. Due to their unique business model, they would not be suitable to get the same value by licensing their business thus they had to internalize the business abroad and directly set up business abroad. b.

Moons of Our Solar System

genetically modified (GM) foods be food items that maintain had their DNA changed by means of genetic engineering. (Mavis 2008). As the population of the world has continued to grow, the supply pressure of food has become more than and more signifi buttt. With the development of Genetically Modified bio engineering science, GM Foods have been come into our daily lives. Though GM foods batch help to improve the quality of life, there are risks to complete trust in GM foods. Whats more weighty, a part of consumers still have doubts round the figureing towards GM food.The question What attitudes does consumers have on acquire genetically modified food? is meaningful because that the issue about GM foods is becoming progressively controversial. The controversies towards GM foods generally focus on environmental ethics, food security, poverty assuagement and environmental conservation. As customers are divided on their relative importance, nigh supportingers claim that the GM technology can solve the problem of food crisis and poverty. They in addition consider that GM foods are beneficial to environment such as they can protect soil and water.However, opponents think that GM foods should have well-nigh strength threat to human health and they violate the rules of nature by mixing genes among different species. The purpose of this research is to gain a deep understand about the consumers attitudes towards purchasing GM foods and find out if nearly of consumers can accept GM foods. (Hutchison, 2004) Literature review In the last few years, many articles on the consumers attitudes toward GM food have appeared. There is a concise review of existing writings that evaluates consumers attitudes as following.Most of the information on European attitudes comes from a ledger by Bredahl, Grunert, and Scholderer (2003). The article focuses on posted and answered four questions on European consumers attitudes towards the use of GM food. These four question s are (1) how negative are consumer attitudes to the detail GM technology applied in food production? (2) How do these negative attitudes expunge the pick of consumer for GM products? (3) How deeply does these attitudes rooted in customers mentation? 4) Will the new information and experience change the customers attitudes? Bredahl, Grunert, and Scholderer (2003) believe that these four questions are central for understanding the consumers attitudes about GM food. The article use nigh tables to evaluate the consumers attitudes about genetic modification in food production in seven European countries which are the UK, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway , Italy and Sweden. The data shows that more or less of the customer have negative attitude towards GM food, the average support for GM foods is quite low.The case differences can also be showed through the table the attitude is intimately positive in Italy, and is most negative in Germany and the Scandinavian countries, while Finland and the UK in a middle position. And the article also showed nearwhat other surveys to support this result, for example, the Eurobarometer surveys, which is a most well know one, have also shown that most of consumers do not like GM foods (Frewer & Shepherd, 1995 and Durant, Bauer & Gaskell, 1998European Commission, 1997, European Commission, 2000,)For the question how these negative attitudes affect the preference of consumer for GM foods, Bredahl, Grunert, and Scholderer (2003) have design a research about yoghurt. In general, consumers prefer the low-Fat yoghurt, but the yoghurt will become non-attractive consistency if they produced base on skimmed milk. Though using additives can improve this problem, many consumers dont like additives. However, by using GM technology, the yoghurt can be enough consistency, fat-free and no additives. It provided a good basis for the consumer preferences.In the research, consumers inspected the three products which are normal yoghur t, additives yoghurt and labeled GM yoghurt and rank them according to preference. And they must explain the reason for the ranking. The result showed that most of consumer rank GM yoghurt to last choice. And the common reasons are that the GM technology is not familiar and not trustworthy, they dont know if the product is healthy, and it harms nature. The conclusion is explicit the attitude to GM food has a strong see on the preference of consumers. The third question and the last question were researched in another use up.Respondents were asked to take part in a taste test of octette cheeses. Two weeks later, they participated in another taste test which only provides two kinds of cheese. One cheese was the same taste as the one which obtain the highest preference in the origin test and it was labeled produced with genetically modified technology the other one was the some taste as the one which obtain a medium preference in the first test. The results showed that when the mos t popular cheese labeled genetically modified technology, the preference was reduced.So, the study shows the attitude on GM food is deeply rooted in consumers touch sensation and is not easily to change by experience. There are also some other important researches about consumers attitudes towards GM food. Hamstra (1995) evaluate the acceptance of consumers toward GM food through three studies of Dutch consumers. Product characteristics and consumer characteristics are included in these studies. In the first study, consumers participated in a face-to-face interview about their attitudes and willingness to buy nine different GM foods (Hamstra, 1991).Means-end chain theory was used in the twinkling study to further research these aspects in some focus group discussions (Hamstra, 1993). The third study used the model of consumers to evaluate the model which developed in the second study (Hamstra, 1995). As a result, the studies showed that perceived benefits have a greater impact on consumers attitudes than perceived risks and there is no link between attitudes and acquaintance of the genetically modified technology. Kutznesof and Ritson (1996) investigated Irish and British consumers attitudes through focus group discussions.The results divided the consumers attitudes towards genetically modified foods into three flakes triers, undecided consumers and refusers. A large human action of consumers were classified into the second group, and the rest of consumers were equally classified as refusing or accepting genetically modified foods. Through the research, Kutznesof and Ritson (1996) make up that there are some factors can increase the acceptability of genetically modified foods such as perceived consumer-related benefits, price consciousness, increased product quality (especially the taste), and increased purity of products.They also found that the acceptability of consumers depends on the types of genetically modified foods the genetically modified techn ology used on vegetables, fruits and dairy products can be more pleasant than eggs and meat. Some studies have analyzed consumers attitudes towards GM foods at a more broadly level. The attitudes of consumers have been proved to be more positive towards applying genetically modified technology to plants than to human genetic material or animals. Frewer, Hedderley, Howard & Shepherd, 1997) The study which completed by bring in and Moore (2002) indentifies the relative importance, nature and strength of influences on radical Zealand consumers intentions towards purchasing genetically modified foods. The study used four methods to evaluate the consumers attitudes which are focus groups, the questionnaire, statistical methods and distribution. Results delivered questionnaires to 289 consumers and genuine 266. The respondents contain 171 females and 95 males.In the received questionnaires, 159 respondents had an intention or strong intention not to purchase GM foods, 27 respondents h ad an purchasing or a strong purchasing intention and 80 respondents had no intention to purchase GM foods. Through the analysis with Ordered logit analysis and Marginal effects for the extended model which related to self-identity, attitude, SN and PBC, Cook and Moore (2002) found that self-identity, attitude, SN and PBC can provide a positively influence on consumers attitude towards purchasing GM food.Males may more easily to pure tone in control over purchasing the food than females, on the contrary, females may easily to feel in control over not purchasing the genetically modified food. In addition, other related research shown that the New Zealand public may be slightly less against with purchasing GM food. A national survey about farmers attitudes found that 49% farmers not willing to purchase GM food and 12% farmers had positive attitudes to purchase (Cook et al. , 2000).Sallie and Michael, B (2004) choice example methods to analyze in what conditions the Australian consum ers are willing to purchase GM food, and they also discuss these preferences in the report. The results of the report suggest that if there has a entailment on the consumers favorite food, they will have an intention to purchase the genetically modified foods. The report also showed that genetically modified technology which used on animals seems to be more unacceptable to respondents than that use on plants, especially among female respondents.In addition, another condition which can influence the consumers attitudes for a certain type of food is age of the consumer the results found that older people generally more accept of genetically modified technology than younger people. In conclusion, the above literature shows that most consumers have the negative attitudes towards purchasing genetically modified foods, and these negative attitudes are not easy to change that can affect the preference of consumers.Furthermore, some conditions such as age and sex of consumers, the species that be applied with GM technology and the discount of genetically modified foods can also effect the consumers attitudes. methodology The main method of this research is questionnaire which contains online questionnaire and a paper-based survey questionnaire. And the responds assumed to be truthfully. The online questionnaire will be knowing on the official websites of large-scale supermarkets.And the links of questionnaire should also be sent to the email of the consumers who are the VIP or the regular consumer of these supermarkets. In addition, the questionnaire will not exceed 8 minutes. The questionnaire should contain open-ended questions and close-ended questions. The sample open-ended questions should be Do you have a positive attitude or negative attitude towards purchasing genetically modified foods? Why? and How you entree the knowledge about genetically modified technology.On the other hand, the close-ended question must contain the sex and the age level of the resp ondents, the questions should be designed like I have a intention to purchase foods produced using genetically modified technology (very potently disagree, disagree, agree or very strongly agree) what do you think your family members or friends opinion would be when you purchasing genetically modified foods? (Extremely unfavorable, unfavorable, favorable or extremely favorable) Do you think your family members or friends opinion will change your attitudes towards purchasing genetically modified foods? Very strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or very strongly agree). These three questions are very important to understand the consumers attitudes towards purchasing genetically modified foods. The advantage of online questionnaire is that it is a less expensive way to investigate more people, and it can also investigate the people who are at a far distance. Furthermore, the questionnaire can be quickly done and anonymity ensures more valuable responses. But there are also some drawback s about online questionnaire that must be foreseen.For example, in general, the responds to online questionnaire are from younger people and the response rate should be limited because that not everyone can access to the website. completely these conditions should be considered on the result of research. The paper-based survey questionnaire will be sent to the consumers in supermarkets. In order to attract the consumers, the people who accept investigate can get a small gift as an incentive that can increase the participate rate. The age of participate range should between twenties and sixties.And the flesh out of paper questionnaire may be same as the online questionnaire. The drawback of paper-based survey is that poor handwriting may be appeared on the space of open-ended question and some of them cannot be identified accurately. Secondary research is also needed in order to assist the evaluation about results of questionnaire survey. The secondary sources can be found in three areas sales report of a well-known company which produces genetically modified foods, customer database of this company and primary data.Newspapers, previous research reports, journal content, and government statistics could provide the primary data to secondary. The limitations of secondary research should also be considered during the process of research. For example, some secondary data may not be helpful to the research evaluation because that some data can be vague and general. On the other hand, the source of data must be check in order to ensure the data is accurate. Moreover, the data maybe out of date.At last, the results of questionnaire and secondary research should be collect together to evaluate the respondents attitudes toward purchasing genetically modified foods and calculate if most of consumers can accept GM food. Conclusion There should be two results of this research one result is that most of consumers can accept genetically modified foods. It means as genetic ally modified technology becoming increasingly more oriented lifestyle, the consumers are increasingly familiar with the technology about genetically modified foods, more and more people can trust in GM food.The other result is that most of consumers cannot accept genetically modified foods, and the questionnaire can affect the reasons. It means people still have doubts about the safety and technology of genetically modified food. Genetically modified food is new technology products, though it still exist some problems, but with the development of science and technology, it will be more and more perfect. As long as follow the certain rules, life will be more superior with the healthy and orderly development of GM technology.

Organizational Theory Essay

Why do large corporations tend to have larger ratios of clerical and administrative support staff? Why argon they typically more formalized than small organizations? The clerical ratio increases because of the greater communication and reporting requirements needed as organizations grow larger. The professional staff ratio flock increase due to the greater need for specialized skills in a larger corporation. As organizations increase in size, the administrative ratios declines and the ratios for other support groups ordain increase. fully grown corporations can have a wide range of functional specialties within the organization that perform multifaceted tasks and produce various products. For this reason, larger corporations are more formalized due to the complexity. Rules, procedures, controls and policy manual are needed in order to efficiently operate in a larger corporation. Large organizations rely on these rules and procedures to achieve and control the large number of employ ees and departments.Smaller organizations have simpler operations and a smaller number of employees which would not require exact manuals or polices. The company may be so small that every employee physically sees each other every day and communicates on a incessant basis. Question 7 Government organizations often seem more bureaucratic than for-profit organizations. Could this partly be the result of the type of control used in governing body organizations?Government organizations are more bureaucratic than for profit organizations because government organizations have a much larger number of clerical and administrative staff members. Considering that on that point are large numbers of groups in governmental organizations, bureaucracy is an effective commission to minimize abuses of power and gain control. Bureaucracy also provides a positive and rational way to organize and manage complex tasks that are too difficult to be understood and handled by few individuals. This is a great way to improve efficiency and effectiveness within governmental organizations.

Case Study †Operations Management Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTIONOperations c atomic number 18 is defined as the performance of managing the resources which produce and go to bed proceedss and suffices (Slack et al. 2010 p4). This encompasses the entire activity carried out within the formation. With increasing pressure on transcriptions to deliver optimally at reduced price, the role of trading operations has been transformed from that of strategy imposeer to one of strategy readr. Operations strategy looks at the patterns of strategic decisions and actions in a prognosticate to stupefy the roles, objectives and activities of the operations (Slack et al. 2010). An dread of these strategies is measurable in ensuring that organizations argon well aware of the requirements wanted to meet the corporate objectives tick off round by deliver the goodsment.The report looks at a case study of Concept bearing operate (CDS) a overlap base manufacturing comp any looking to break into return operations. It strains to identify up-to-the-minute strategy types demonstrate in the organization and the role operations play in the implementation of this strategies. Also considered is the relationship betwixt the centerfield functions highlighting possible conflicts, current practices and perceived strengths and weaknesses. Issues such as servitization and harvesting strategies are considered in relation to the companies push for generatement in line with its desire to become a service provider. An compend of the impact it leave alone defend on the companys manufacturing and service departments is also considered. Finally, recommendations that allow picture operations develop with the radical growth plan is presented to management.2.0 STRATEGIES IN CONCEPT DESIGNWithin CDS, on that point is evidence of an amalgamation of strategies. With a diversification of the companys portfolio, the corporate strategy of the organization had to be reflecting the changing scenario of the dividing line e nvironment. To identify the different strategy types within CDS, there is first a need to understand what strategy is.Strategy peck be defined has the total pattern of decisions and actions thatposition the organization in its environment and that are intended to achieve its long-term goals (Slack et al. 2010 P79). Strategy has also been described as the long term direction an organization intends to go (Johnson et al. 2011). In achieving an over arching strategy, three levels of strategies hasten to be considered corporate level, business level and functional level. The look of these strategies depart determine how the different organizational strategies will interact with one a nonher (Zanon et al. 2013)While corporate level strategy conceives with the overall figure and scope of an organization such as where to locate the business, what type of business to engage in business level strategy is much concerned with the various ways the business can compete successfully aga inst other competitors in its segment. Functional strategy looks at ways in which individual functions can carry to the overall objective of the organization.Operations strategy is concerned with the strategic decision and actions that set roles, objectives and activities of the operations (Slack et al. 2010). It focuses more on how the different parts of the organization can deliver on set strategies by means of and with the management of resources, servees and people. Operations strategys primary role is to implement strategy, unless with continuous business growth, operations is expected to support and drive the organizations strategy. This will see it contributing to the competitive reinforcement of the unshakable (Slack et al. 2010). This is aptly captured in Hayes and wheelw proficients foursome stage amaze of operations contribution.Figure 1. Hayes and Wheelwrights four-stage model of operations contribution. Adapted from Slack et al. 2010Slack et al. (2010), identif y four different military position to operations strategy Top-down, undersurface up, commercialise requirement perspective and resource based perspective. He noted though that all four perspectives are required for proper perceptiveness of operations strategy.Although the strategies employed by organizations may differ, it remains important to reconcile the involve of the market with operative resources(Slack and Lewis 2008). Hence, it is important to analyse the process through which market needs are aligned with operational realities, thereby ensuring that operation can deliver what it is being asked of them and that this alignment will endure over time (Zanon et al. 2013).Evidenced in CDS operations is the implementation of two of the set perspectives mart requirement and Operations resource perspective.2.1MARKET REQUIREMENT PERSPECTIVE ANALYSISA market requirement perspective focuses on what market position requires of operations (Slack et al. 2010). Its focus is not p lainly on the indus elbow grease, but it considers where the organization intends to compete as well as the nature of contest (Lowson 2002). Hill (1985), suggested that to win revisals in the market place, organizations operations strategy and the trade strategy need to be in sync. CDS Marketing function identified a trend that seems to puddle worked for retailers in the decorative proceeds industry. They realised the importance of fashion trends and its speak to to people. This market requirement guide to the creation of a whole new industry.The need for premium, high type household product characterised by the many different colour range became a market mountain pass criteria that drove marketings strategy. This strategy was in line with the overall organizations strategy that saw a shift in the focus of its outturn of industrial injection-mould plastics to popular household items. In a call down to meet markets demand, supply services had to upscale its machineries b y procuring additional large injection moulding machines to ply for the rapidly growing volume of products. Also, the design team had to be one step ahead of the competition by ensuring that they had a range of products that will keep customers engaged. Hence, the case study has shown that CDS move over been able to develop its operations strategy by allowing operations meet the performance criteria required by the market (Slack et al. 2004).2.2OPERATIONS imagery PERSPECTIVE ANALYSISIn the case of operation resource perspective or resource based view (RBV),focus is on the organizations operation resources, competencies and capabilities (Lowson 2002). It focuses on the key strengths of the organization, looking at internal resources that cannot be purchased externally, thus providing the firm with competitive advantage through superior performance (Clulow et al. 2007 Fahey and Smithee 1999 Barney 1991). With operations-led, strategy is developed through sound understanding of cur rent operational capabilities and an analysis of how it can be developed in the hereafter (Slack et al. 2004).An understanding of the organizations strength will then influence the decision as to which markets should be considered for the deployment of current or future capabilities, and which competitors can pose a threat or can be taken advantage of (Hayes et al. 2005). CDS call for intelligibly shown the strength of their operations over the years. Early experience gained from the manufacturing of industrial products have set them miles ahead of competition. This is evidenced in the quality of their product which drove sales to record highs and resulted in retail outlets signing up for the organizations product.The company prides itself on its skilful abilities which has been achieved not just from years of experience but by siting in machineries. CDS have acquired latest precision equipments with the best quality moulds available. The technical knowledge of the employees a lso provides the company a unmatched advantage. Another area of operations that provides competitive advantage for the organization is its design expertise. CDS have in its employ professionally respected designers with the know-how of translating difficult technical designs into manufacturable saleable products. This has provided the organization leverage when dealing with design houses. The company is clearly leveraging on its operations resources, competencies and capabilities to sire competitive advantage.3.0AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CORE FUNCTIONSWithin the context of any organization, there are 3 functions that must exist for the organization to realize its goals of meeting customers need. They are1) The marketing function2) The product/service development function3) The operations functionThe marketing function which also comprises of the sales whole is primarily responsible for communicating what product/services the organization has to offer to consumer s in a bid to generate customers requests for the service. The product development functions responsibility is to create new and modified products and services in order to generate future customer request for services. And lastly, the operations function is responsible for fulfilling customers request for service through the production and delivery of products and services (Slack et al. 2010).The ability to effectively work with other functions in the organization is a key responsibility for the operation function (Slack et al. 2010 Zanon et al. 2013). Research as shown that in most organizations, different functions within the organization ordinarily employ their own strategies to assist them in realizing their functional objectives. This unfortunately is a stern for corporate misunderstanding, inter-functional differences and rivalry (Hill 2005).While the objective of the operations function remains the production of goods and services whilst managing resources, it has to also m anage its relationship with other functions of the organization. Due to the nature of its strategic importance, the operations function usually has conflicts with other functions.merchandisingIn determining an organizations strategic objective, operations and marketing usually acquire different approaches. While marketing tends to emphasise improved service features that appeal to customers, operations focus more on efficiency and cost control (Nie and Young 1997). Erickson (2010), stated that the main reason operations and marketing functions in an organization have conflict is due to their perceived differing objectives. Largely, trade-offs are responsible for the conflicts between these functions as they attempt to balance competing priorities (Tang 2010).It is therefrom important that organizations manage trade-offs in a manner that will mark that they dont agree the over-arching organizational strategy for gaining competitive advantage. Zanon et al. (2013) in their research identified certain paradigm that organizations needed to implement for thesuccessful collaboration of the two functions. They argued that there is a need for alignment between market needs and operational realities. The objective here is to satisfy market needs while using appropriate operational resources and jointly growing those resources so that the operations department can acquire new capabilities and provide the firm with sustainable competitive advantage.The marketing function at CDS have been able to effectively market/ circulate the value of their products to the market, this is evidenced in the phenomenal growth of the company. Through innovation, extensive advertisement both on TV and in illustrated magazines, they have been able to drive sales of CDS products. The function have successfully work a niche market for the organization through the portrayal of its products has been classy and for the upwardly mobile individual. fruit differentiation, design partnership and extensive research, combined with a marketing manager with lots of experience and impropriety working with an experienced, technically astute manufacturing department has resulted in the success of the CDS products. The function has also been able to market itself and the value it can give to design houses in Europe. Through its marketing activities, CDS is moving from being just a manufacturer of commodities to a provider of services.Despite the progress that have been recorded by CDS, there quench seems to be a misalignment between the marketing and operation functions. With the success of CDS products and the continuous innovation drive of the organization, it would seem that the marketing function is failing to acknowledge the limitations of the companys capacity. CDS have a caper with the storage of finished goods and this has impacted on the delivery of product availability from supply services. They are presently struggling to ensure that they meet SKU bank lineing l evels.Another problem has been the issue of proper intend and effective prognostic by the marketing team. The seasonal nature of CDS products requires that the marketing function carries out comprehensive forecasting to try and anticipate demand. Currently, poor forecasting by the function is costing the organization. Supply services have to deal constantly with issues of utilization,efficiency and growing scarp rates this is as a result of ad-hoc requests for urgent production to meet with un-planned demand. To minimize wastage and ensure proper alignment, marketing and operations will have to network and join better (Johansen and Riis 2005) to ensure that the over corporate objectives are met.NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT (NPD)NPD is defined as the transformation of a market opportunity into a product available for sale, through a set of activities executed in a logical way, sequentially and concurrently (Almeida and Miguel 2007). It allows organizations to gain competitive advantage , attract new customers, retain existing customers, and strengthen their ties with the distribution networks (Kotler and Keller 2006). Organizations that successfully introduce new products do so through a well-developed process that leads from creative designs to a successful launch of the product by focusing on satisfying specific customer needs (Chandra and Neelankavil 2008). The attainment of this task will require NPD to collaborate almost with both operations and marketing. NPD, in comparison to other functions is usually characterised by a high tier of uncertainty, danger and high cost to make changes to initial decisions made (Slack et al. 2010).For CDS, NPD is responsible for transforming designs from marketing into workable design moulds. Operations then ensure that the products from the mould are standardized and tested appropriately and efficiently. The moulds then have to be tested on the production machines. A great deal of inter-functional collaboration is required to ensure that proper computer programming is in place to enable NDP carry out testing without disrupting production. Getting this right is easier said. The reality is that there is usually a delay in getting the moulds from the suppliers in South Korea. This will then result in a need for an urgent test of the moulds. That said, CDSs NPD function are technically sound. They have managed to build for themselves a reputation of being able to overcome problems with designs regardless of its nature. The NPD function contributes to the organizations unique operations resource.4.0 AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE OPERATION OF THEMANUFACTURING AND SERVICE DEPARTMENTSCDS like most manufacturing organizations are starting to appreciate the intrinsic value of adopting servitization as a practice. Servitization have been described as the process of transforming manufacturers to compete through product-service systems rather than products alone (Baines et al. 2007). The rati onale for this diversity from purely product to product- service or purely service can be viewed from three perspectives (Oliva and Kallenberg 2003). They identified the reasons as First, economic. Research has shown that substantial tax can be generated from products with a long life cycle also services in familiar have higher margins than products and services also provides a more stable source of revenue as they are resistant to the economic cycles that drive investment and equipment purchases. Secondly, there is pressure on organizations from customers demanding more services.This has led to firms adopting a narrow definition of core competencies while increasing their dependence on technology to inspection and repair in their bid to specialize. Lastly, it is viewed as providing competitive advantage. The less visible a service is, and the more savvy dependent it gets, the more the probability of imitation reduces (Oliva and Kallenberg 2003). Manufacturing has long moved be yond production alone and a combination of both products and service business model are now generally accepted as playing a key role in the success of any modern business (Baines et al. 2014). Companies that have adopted the concept of servitization will probably not follow the product-service classification, but will instead seek to distinguish on the basis of the value offer with their customers (Baines and Lightfoot 2013). This is the case in CDS, where the company have had to adopt differing service model while dealing with the design houses and retailer service market.While the design houses have adopted a proposition that sees both companies working together that is the customer wants the company to work with them (Baines et al. 2014), the retailers on the other hand, are happy to leave the management of the entire operation to CDS. Baines et al. (2014) have identified this differing forms of proposition has been base, intermediate and advanced services. The relationship bet ween the retailer services market and CDS can be classified as advanced. This categorization of product-service offering is centred onthe idea that due to the competencies of the company, maintenance and workability of the operations should be managed by the provider of the service. A feature of this type of offering includes customer support agreements, risk and reward sharing contract, and revenue through use contact (Baines and Lightfoot 2013).To meet with demand, and ensure that customers needs are met in terms of product availability, CDS will have to attach its production lines and increase holding capacity. Storage facilities will have to be located closer to the location of their customers. Localised facilities will ensure that store replenishment lead times are reduced. CDS will also have to invest in ICT. Setting up an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system will help marry the stores database with that of CDS. That way, they can easily track inventory levels and are a ble to respond in a proactive manner. Also, Oliva and Kallenberg (2003) argued that a good practice will be to set up a new service department whose focus will be to drive and improve performance objectives.The consolidation of the service offered is usually accompanied by a strong initiative to improve the efficiency, quality and delivery time of the services provided, and the creation of additional services to supplement the service offering. The consolidation of services also comes with the development of a monitoring system to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the service delivery. This monitoring system allows managers realize the size of it of the service market and account for services contribution to the firms operations (Oliva and Kallenberg 2003). Internally, these changes create the foil of numbers needed to get a clear sense of direction and to monitor the success or failure of executed changes (Oliva and Kallenberg 2003). Externally, the improvement of qualit y will establish CDS as a reputable service provider among its clients.CDS has seen steady and continuous growth over the years, albeit its focus had been centred on a single product type. With the recent direction of the organization, there are real concerns surrounding it rapid growth and its diversification into services. Southard and Swenseth (2003) identified certain issues that evolving organizations encounter due to rapid growth, they include bottle-necks, back-orders, and decreased profits despite increased sales. round of these issues are evidenced in CDS. The rapid growthof the organization has resulted in capacity related issues. in that respect is one in every twelve chances of a product not being available, continuous scheduling disruption due to demand surpassing supply and the popularity of its product and wide acceptance usually leads to stock outs. The manufacturing function seems to be stretched to the limit with support services equally struggling. It would seem that the organization is currently extempore for the changes.5.0RECOMMENDATION TO MANAGEMENTIn line with the companys objective for growth, it has become imperative to address the operational issues that can hinder the organizations growth strategy. Using the product/service lifecycle to analyse the organizations current operations, it is obvious that the transition from being a purely product based manufacturing company to a product-service based organization is still in the infancy state. This is characterised by uncertainty as customers needs are not well understood. Hence, operations management will be required to develop flexibility to cope with any changes and be able to give the product/service performance that will ensure quality is keep (Slack et al. 2010). Other issues to be considered by management includes the issue of capacity management.To meet with the demand of the market and its growth strategy, CDS will be required to get more warehouses and hold more inventorie s. The plastic business is clearly one of volume hence CDS has to ensure that it maintains its status of been a reliable supplier. It also has to effectively operationalize it marketing strategy. The company is currently plagued by poor forecasting and planning. There is a need to upscale the competencies of the sales representatives. This will enable them gather appropriate data that can then be fed into the organizations planning to help reduce scheduling related issues, stock outs and disruptions. Also required is an alignment between the strategies of the core functions. Regular business meetings, where issues relating to each function get tabled will help build better understanding among the different functions.REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHYALMEIDA, L.F. and MIGUEL, P., 2007.Managing new product development process A proposal of a theoretical model about their dimensions and the dynamicsof the process. Unpublished Phd. thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo. BAINES, T., LIGHTFOOT, H. and S MART, P., 2011. Servitization within manufacturing. Exploring the provision of advanced services and their impact on good integration. diary of Manufacturing Technology centering, 22(7), pp. 947-954 BAINES, T. et al., 2013. Servitization of Manufacture. Exploring the deployment and skills of people critical to the delivery of advanced services. daybook of Manufacturing Technology Management, 24(4), pp. 637-646 BAINES, T. and LIGHTFOOT, H.W., 2014. Servitzation of the manufacturing firm. 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International operations strategy current efforts andfuture directions. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 21(5/6), pp. 645-665 RAMASESHAN, B., ISHAK, A. and RUSSEL, P.J., 2013. Interactive effects of marketing strategy formulation and implementation upon firms performance. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(11-12), pp. 1224 -1250 SOUTHARD, P.B. and SWENSETH, S.R., 2003. Transitioning operations to accommodate growing pains in evolving companies an application of product profiling to a service company. Management Decision, 41(6), pp. 57 8-586 ZANON, J.C. et al., 2013. Alignment of operations strategy exploring the marketing interface. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 113(2), pp. 207-233